Numbers 7:40 - Sin offering atones

Explanation of "שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד לְחַטָּאת"

The verse "שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד לְחַטָּאת" (one kid of the goats for a sin offering) refers to the sacrificial offering brought to atone for certain sins. This type of offering is known as a Chatat (sin offering) and is discussed extensively in Vayikra (Leviticus) and other Torah sources.

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi (Vayikra 4:23) explains that the שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים (goat kid) is specified here as a sin offering for unintentional transgressions committed by a leader (נשיא) or the community. The goat is chosen because it is a common animal and serves as a symbolic atonement for wrongdoing. Rashi further notes that the goat must be without blemish, as any physical defect would invalidate the offering.

Rambam's Perspective

In Hilchot Maaseh HaKorbanot (Laws of Sacrificial Offerings), the Rambam (Maimonides) elaborates on the procedures for bringing a Chatat. He emphasizes that the sin offering serves as a means of repentance and spiritual purification. The goat, as a representative offering, underscores the seriousness of sin and the need for sincere teshuvah (repentance).

Midrashic Insights

The Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 5:5) connects the goat offering to the story of Yosef and his brothers, who used a goat's blood to deceive Yaakov about Yosef's fate. This teaches that the goat serves as a reminder of the consequences of sin and the importance of rectifying past wrongs.

• Symbolism: The goat represents humility, as it is a common animal, reminding the sinner to approach repentance with a humble heart.
• Atonement: The offering facilitates atonement, but only when accompanied by sincere remorse and commitment to change.
• Community Role: When brought by a leader or the community, it underscores collective responsibility for moral and spiritual conduct.