Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the meaning of the peace offering (zevach shelamim) mentioned in Numbers 7:83?
A: The peace offering (zevach shelamim) is one of the sacrifices described in the Torah, symbolizing gratitude, fulfillment of a vow, or a freewill offering to Hashem. Unlike other sacrifices, parts of it are eaten by the person bringing it, the Kohanim (priests), and sometimes others, fostering unity and joy. Rashi explains that it is called 'shelamim' (from 'shalom,' meaning peace) because it brings peace to the world.
Q: Why did Aĥira bring specific numbers of animals (2 oxen, 5 rams, etc.) for his offering?
A: Each tribal leader brought identical offerings during the dedication of the Mishkan (Tabernacle) to show unity and equality among the tribes. The numbers (2 oxen, 5 rams, etc.) were set by Divine command (see Numbers 7:11-88). The Midrash teaches that though the offerings were the same, each leader had unique intentions behind them, reflecting their tribe's spiritual qualities.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Aĥira's offering in this verse?
A: Aĥira’s offering teaches the importance of communal unity and personal dedication to serving Hashem. Even though all tribal leaders brought the same offering, each was recorded individually to honor their unique contributions. The Rambam (Hilchot Temidim u’Musafim) highlights that sacrifices express devotion, and this verse reminds us that sincere service—no matter how similar to others'—is cherished by Hashem.
Q: How does the concept of peace offerings apply to us today without the Temple?
A: Though we cannot bring physical sacrifices today, the ideals behind the peace offering remain relevant. The Talmud (Berachot 55a) teaches that acts of kindness, prayer, and Torah study substitute for sacrifices. Additionally, sharing meals with others (e.g., Shabbat or festive meals) embodies the peace offering’s spirit of gratitude, unity, and connection to Hashem.
Q: Why is Aĥira identified as 'the son of ῾Enan' in this verse?
A: The Torah often mentions a person’s lineage to honor their family and highlight their righteous heritage. Rashi notes that '῾Enan' means 'cloud,' symbolizing divine protection. By emphasizing Aĥira’s father, the verse underscores that his pious offering reflected his upbringing and the merit of his ancestors—a lesson in valuing our spiritual roots.
Context of the Verse
The verse (Bamidbar 7:17) describes the korban shelamim (peace offering) brought by Aĥira ben ῾Enan, the prince of the tribe of Naftali, during the dedication of the Mishkan. This offering was part of the series of gifts brought by the tribal leaders over twelve days, as detailed in Parshat Naso.
Nature of the Shelamim Offering
Rashi explains that the shelamim offering symbolizes peace and harmony between the Jewish people and Hashem. Unlike other sacrifices, parts of the shelamim were eaten by the owners, the Kohanim, and offered on the Mizbeach, representing shared joy and gratitude (Vayikra 3:1-17). The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 13:15) notes that the shelamim reflects a state of completeness (shleimut) in one’s relationship with Hashem.
Significance of the Numbers
Aĥira ben ῾Enan’s Role
The Kli Yakar highlights that Aĥira, though from the smaller tribe of Naftali, brought the same offering as the other princes, teaching that all tribes—regardless of size—are equal in their service to Hashem. The Midrash Tanchuma (Naso 14) adds that his name, Aĥira ("my brother is a shepherd"), hints at his humility and unity with Klal Yisrael.
Spiritual Lessons
The Sforno emphasizes that the shelamim’s communal aspect teaches the importance of unity in avodat Hashem. The even distribution of the offering—between the Mizbeach, Kohanim, and donor—mirrors the ideal balance between divine service, support of Torah leaders, and personal joy in mitzvot.